Growing up in an Indian family which worships and discusses Bollywood like the global topics of Human Rights, we can’t help but talk about Bollywood songs and celebrities all the time. I remember my mom playing the new ‘lag ja gale’ and criticizing it for not being as good as the original one. She used to believe that these remakes and remixes are just copies and they infuriate the 90’s audience and don’t do justice to the original musicians or singers. That’s when I started to research and gain more insights about the translations, adaptations, inspirations in music industry from a legal perspective that talks about infringement and copyrights of owner’s work. In this article we are going to look deeper into the analysis and interpretations of law when it comes to music industry.

 We will essentially address Indian Copyright Law and its provisions that govern the law in copyrights of Music. Now, before talking about the law we should gather some facts related to music listening and music producing such as knowing about the music components and what categories of music actually get infringed or interest its audience. Music not only consists of a tune but lyrics, formatting, voice, digital editing, a melody. So, even when the Inspiration of a music or song by two artists is the same, they will need to prove that they produced something distinctive or unique that brings their identity to it. The Copyright law therefore protects the idea, the effort, the time and the creativeness that was behind someone’s work. Nobody, according to this law, can take away the originality or any component used effectively that shoes someone’s originality. These expressions of ideas are the founding steps of the ultimate produce and so the work you publish must be your mind’s creation for it to be copywritten according to the law.

CREATIVE INSPIRATION OR COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT-

How do we know when we are copying something, its’ not causing any kind of an infringement? The answer to this question poses challenges of discussing the fine line between copying and creative inspiration.

To understand it further we will take help of an example- if we suppose that two artists have done the same work but the meaning or its portrayal is different, then it would be two distinct expressions of ideas and wont be infringing each other’s work, now, one may argue that since as per its audience it would seem same but we should consider the fact that taking inspiration from someone’s idea is seperate from copying it completely. While starting your work its natural that you seek inspiration and judge other people work in order to produce the best of what you can.

Talking about the Dan Brown’s novel Da Vinci Code, it was held that some historical background information had been copied as it is but the court weighed it’s subject matter for the question of Law as something that is publicly available wont be considered to be plagiarized because the original source of that history was made for the perpose of a usage like Dan Brown’s Novel.

Again, if we take into consideration J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter, it had characterization of a young wizard just like the already formed character Willy The Wizard. But that didn’t prevent him from not inventing a similar character but with his own labour and imagination into it. Similarly, music industry and its rights work.

ADAPTING COPYRIGHT MATERIAL-

There are two things to discuss under Adaptation of a musical production. First and foremost, we need to understand the extent of adaptation that can be made which can turn into an ongoing process or cycle. Secondly, the certainity that a permission would need to be obtained to adapt to someone’s work.

An adapted version of a work cannot be further adapted anymore as that will be against the Copyright Act. So , here we see the restriction to the extent of adaptations in music. It does not guarantee unlimited adaptation.

Adaptations in music would mean a complete transcription or arrangement of format of the music. In music, adaptation would mean reproduction and not inspiration to make a new content out of it.

Musical work under Indian Copyright Act, 1957

The laws related to copyrighting in music are basically and mostly effected by the section 2(P) of the Copyright Act,1957. It includes all the music related work along with the graphical notations that are being used. Why is the composer the owner of the musical work and not the singer who sang it is because the act does not anywhere include the words to be dealt with while singing or the actions of the singer. Music is more than just a mixture of lyrics and a tune it comes with a composition of melodies and digital editing to come out as it was supposed to be.

Further more, to know about the time period of your control over a copyright is mentioned under Section 22 of the Copyright Act,1957. This duration of holding a copyright would depend upon number of owners.

Section 2 (a)(iv) defines “adaptation” as arranging of a musical work as a whole. As observed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Indian Performing Rights Society v. Eastern Indian Motion Pictures Association, copywriting is not the soulful tune or the aesthetic sound of the music but the melody that was being reduced into printing and graphics.

In Gramophone Company of India vs Super Cassette Industries Ltd, the Delhi High Court observed the same by explaining how copywriting is to being understood and permitted.

PREMISE OF CONTROVERSIES AROUND SECTION 52(1)(J)

It talks about the Importance and nature of compliance with the laws while recording and to elucidate this necessity, we will point out some facts and judgements held in the case law of Gramophone Co vs Super Cassettes. Facts of the case include a defendant company trying to make a music on the adaptations of the original music. So, they obviously approached the owner of the music and agreed to pay the required sum of license fee also. But the owner refused about granting any of the copyrights for the same rather clearly and precisely refused to give even any part of it. Without caring about the infringement issues, they went on to produce the music ignoring the owner’s rights and exclusiveness of the recording.

It was held that since it did not by chance and luckily disapprove of or not obey the conditions of the above section, it could not be termed as infringement as it said that there existed no such need of acquiring the license for the same.

For the above reason this section was highly criticised and seemed to offend the original musical works.

CONCLUSION-

In recent times of digital advancement, we come across so many adaptations and translations in music that keep on entertaining us but we need understand and respect the legal aspect of copywriting in music industry because that is someone’s property and should not be infringed. To protect and promote creativity we should be aware of the sections provided above in my article as per the Copyright Act, 1957. Technological changes impact this industry as much as any other.

The post Translations adaption and Inspirations in Music: The Legal Aspect appeared first on Legal Desire Media and Insights.

We all come across youtube videos or applications like Voot which showcasts TV serials like channels ranging from Colors to MTV and several times we wonder why some songs or some background music isn’t being played while it was played on the TV. That’s when we start to talk about copyrights and music licensing. For every artist or musician it is of utmost value that whatever they produce or invent which is brough to public via digital media or production houses, is kept as something that they own and nobody else. this exclusiveness of their work has been dealt with many times in this music industry. However, to the general public or various media pages that can easily copy their work and use it as theirs to entertain and increase their fan base, it seems absolutely fair and unplagarised. But for the original artist it can reduce its audience or even raise questions of its originality and source. So, we see that this small mischief of data copy thieves or plagiarists can become a big trouble for the original content makers as it was supposd to be there idea, their creativity and their work only. now, for resolving these types of issues that concern musician and artists of all kinds was addressed by making numerous yet confusing provisions in the way of rights and licenses to be granted to people in this industry. Every country’s government, has, in today’s time, already devised those rights and provisions for keeping the interest and stake of songwriters or recorders.

But the interesting question that arises is that how do musicians or song creators protect their work? For this purpose you will specifically require a lawyer who knows the ins and outs of music related laws otherwise it can get confusing. You would have to preserve your music from the ones that can exploit and reuse it to make their own profits. Furthermore, this protection is only guaranteed to you when you get your work registered under your country’s copyright statues and laws. It will help the musicians claim appropriate and necessary damages once their right is infringed. As we go about this article we will discuss all the types and categories of rights available to a musician in India.

HISTORY OF COPYRIGHTS IN MUSIC-

In earlier times, singers would go to the streets and sell their songs by simply singing them in front of bunch of random streetwalkers or passer-by who would enjoy and leave. That period of time didn’t value and respect a song writers ability to entertain and write music. Thanks to technology and awareness about the importance of music and musicians that today we have proper market for them. Now, we have provisions that talk about What copyright law helps to protect, How long your copyright lasts, What rights you have once you own a copyright in your work, How to enforce your rights etc.

RIGHTS AND LICENSES-

Let’s look into the rights that musicians can exercise to control the stealing of their first hand productions.

Synchronization Rights- These are the rights related to the visual content being put up in your show or music video, any animations or visual images.

Master Use Rights-These rights confer to granting of your records to radio or TV. There are rights which protect the mixing of various contents or various artists while they are recorded for their public produce.

Performing Rights-These rights can restrict the public performances done on your work. It is for the exclusiveness of your work while being performed live or in front of public.

Mechanical Rights-It guarantees the rate per unit of the production sold so that a minimum and maximum rate is fixed to protect the interest of music producer to ensure profits.

Following are the licenses that are different to rights in a way that they have to be purchased to won a copyright on your work hose time period is fixed and has to be renewed.

Direct License-It is to be obtained directly from the copyright or license owner without paying any sum of money for it.

Print Rights License-When your music gets printed in some physical sheet music and then reproduces , this license is used there.

Theatrical License-This is for every time your work is staged. In simple sense it protects the on stage performance of your creation such that it is not altered in any way you don’t want it to be.

Master License-This is often confused with the sync license but they are seperate from each other. This is for the owner exclusively and cannot be in conjction with the sync license.

CASE LAWS-

Pirates v. Business- This case will deal with a situation where some pirate technology takes over 30% of the profits and sales of a music company which sold CDs to earn revenue. So, the facts of the case include a company making an application called MP3 Plyer which supposedly could reduce the size of the music album to enable better storage without disrupting quality of the same album. After some time, a student from Boston University releases an application software called ‘Napster’ which provides for free peer to peer sharing of music online without bearing any cost. Whoever signs up in this community gets to share and listen to these MP3 files without any storage problems that earlier CDs were bought to resolve. Now, this online availability of computer speed and capacity solutions while listening to music reduced the usage and purchase of CDs naturally as people started to access the easier way through the app Napster. But later in 1999, the Recording Industry Association of America filed a law suit against this app claiming that such availability to public is infringing the copyrights as well as threatens the industry of music including all music recorders.

The court held that regardless of lawful usage of these apps or software that are readily providing for freshly brewed content of artist online for free, it has to be seen that this activity seriously infringes their ownership over their own work and legal suits will fall in favour of such artists only.

White Smith v. Apollo Music- This case serves as the foundation of granting and origination of Mechanical License in Music Industry. This case will deal with the importance and applicability of Mechanical License that will ensure the manner in which your work will be mechanically reproduced allowing only manufacture of piano rolls by some. The facts of the case involve a composer challenging piano rolls technology as a violation of owner’s musical work. The court first ruled that the piano rolls didn’t mean the copied work instead it meant taking some components of the piano machine and so this case was dismissed.

But later through a Congress regulation in 1909, the judgement was overruled. It was held that copyright holders must have the right over the mechanical production of their reproduce as well. To also keep the interests of mechanical piano roll producers, it was held that they could do so only after

the payment of a royalty fee negotiated with the owner of his production. Thus, this compulsory licensing of mechanical reproduction by piano rolls came to be known as ‘Mechanical License’

The post Rights and Licensing in Music Industry appeared first on Legal Desire Media and Insights.

Living in a world so advanced and highly progressive can pose some serious threats to the community that sustains within it. To look at certain problems that arise out of this complexity and rapid development, we would look into one very important aspect of rights guaranteed to various nations by the United Nations. It is certain that United Nations is the father of granting the much needed and not so much thought upon in earlier times -Human Rights that we as citizens, people exercise in our day to day lives without realising its need and importance. Only times like pandemics, emergencies and economic or financial crisis makes us aware and desperate for them. Now, it might appear or seem a vague right now but that’s the reality check we need to get in order for righteous implementation and to excess our human rights in situations that demand human safety. We fail to accept the fact that these global crisis like economic recession pose a dangerous threat to our not so well protected Human rights. Through this piece of writing I wish to evaluate and throw light on how and why these rights need to be ensured to each and every person without crisis being a factor for its ignorance. Is government doing enough to grant human rights to everyone or does it need a few amendments for its execution? We will deal with all such human rights related issues that pop up specially during difficult times like economic recession.

WHY IS THIS HAPPENING AND WHAT DOES ECONOMIC RECESSION CHANGE?

There will always undoubtably be a direct relationship between business activities and uncertainities. I have come to this conclusion because if we see larger the business activity, the more is the risk associated with it. Obviously, there will be factors effecting the conduct of business cycles will ultimately lead to recession but those factors are also effected by the ongoing business activities and vice versa. It is therefore a two-way cause and effect relationship that governs this economy. The purpose of this analysis is to take into consideration the fact that we cannot control or even curtail business cycles. That would mean that economic recession can happen anytime when these factors like changing human demands, changes in cost and production, value of capital etc. are not held constant. But the question that arises is that do we need to curtail or restrict human rights during these unavoidable yet sometimes predictable circumstances? Do human rights exist to be exercised by people when in such situations?

Economic recession surely interferes with human rights and there is no doubt that it causes threat to their existence. For example, if we look at the current pandemic situations, we all have laid our eyes on how drastic is it for some people who lack recognition as of now. Let’s talk about one very crucial human right that is the the Right to Life and Liberty in response to COVID-19. It becomes a duty of government to protect and regulate the dimensions of this human right because everybody should have the right to have access to best medical treatment attainable to human kind. Any prohibitions or restrictions regarding this during emergency medical crisis like these take away the good faith that the public had in its chosen representative. So here comes the direct participation of the government such that it re-establishes the belief public had to maintain proper health standards.

Talking about the right to Work and Education, economic crisis works against the idea of employment because of obvious reasons that business enterprises need to cut down cost and so labour has to be evicted. Here the right to work is endangered and govt. will have valid reasons to not protect them but what we need to seek and learn here is how to come to a solution that ensures the interests of both business enterprises and labour. We therefore need to evolve into more and new dimension of Human Rights.

ADOPTING BETTER HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY

For better understanding and analysing the formulation of justified human rights, lets look into human development that is hindered during economic recessions. For every country human capital is the key to its success and that is the foundation for the upcoming advancements that could ever take place in its economy. Having better access to better resources and facilities such as food and shelter, healthcare, infrastructure etc. integration of human right principles with national economic policy making serves as the biggest solution in today’s time. Obligations enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights need to be identified more seriously and applied more effectively. These are the times when we need to scrutinize the various and already existing policies of government to check upon their functioning. For this objective,

Government should take in more accountability and responsibility of takin g care of issues like poverty, unemployment, corruption, crime even during times of recession so as to avoid creating gaps between the haves and have nots.

Equal distribution of resources should be a must evicting out all discrimination related issues.

The notion of state responsibility has to be kept in mind because these are Human Rights we are talking about and not just Fundamental Rights that cease to exist during some emergencies.

Permitting healthy debates on solutions towards resolving crisis gives public the much needed participation and involvement in a way that they are able to exercise their right of freedom of expression.

GETTING INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

Under the UN Charter, national governments who are a member of the United Nations, have to serve and adhere to certain strict regulations to promote the successful functioning of all Human Rights. This gives a chance to the general public who seeks to exercise their rights during economic crisis to address their problems to come up with better solutions. Through various international conferences happening every year, the civilians get to know about what all rights to avail and fight for. This is how being internationally connected can help several underdeveloped and developing countries to prosper in the field of Human Rights.

All in all, Human Rights do get effected negatively during circumstances involving economic recessions but the ground rule that can locate and address the problems related to such rights lies with the government and its people.

The post Human Rights during Economic Recession appeared first on Legal Desire Media and Insights.

What is a geographical indication?

A geographical indication (GI) could be a sign used on product that have a particular geographical origin and possess qualities or a name that are because of that origin. so as to perform as a GI, a signal should determine a product as originating during a given place. additionally, the qualities, characteristics or name of the merchandise ought to be primarily because of the place of origin. Since the qualities rely upon the geographical place of production, there’s a transparent link between the merchandise and its original place of production.

RECENT CASE STUDIES

Pochampally Ikat

After registration of Pochampally Ikat (word) vide Geographical Indication Registration No. 562 in 2004, the govt of province earned another GI tag within the year 2017 in respect of Pochampally Ikat (LOGO)/ . Pochampally Ikat is visually known by the çhowkra style that could be a diamond with sq., or its derivatives, having completely different edges.

Pochampally Ikat originates from the nation-state of Nagolda and components of Warangal districts within the state of Telengana. it’s product of natural materials like cotton or silk or a mix of each, having styles that square measure reminiscent of of the subtle diamond or chowka style. the method of creating involves ligature and coloring the threads in an exceedingly unreal style before the weaving of the material. This work has sensible demand each within the domestic and international market thanks to its aesthetic look and primitive simplicity. when registration of Pochampally Ikat(word) within the year two hundred, Pochampally artisans got attention of the Media. additional there was increase within the market of Pochampally Sarees.6

Banaganapalle mangoes

The ‘King of fruits’ i.e. Banaganapalle mangoes has received GI tag within the year 2017. the emblem set by the govt options a bright yellow fruit around that the tagline says “Banganappalle Mangoes of province,” with pictures of a person and a lady showing to be farmers. Anyone from currently on to sell or turn out these should 1st apply to become licensed users and would need a no-objection certificate (NOC) from farming Development Agency, diagrammatical by Commissioner of farming, Government of province.

The fruit is additionally identified by a range of monikers like Beneshan, Baneshan, Benishan, Chappatai, Safeda, Banaganapalli, Banginapalli, Banaganapalle, etc. The highlight of the fruit is that it will preserve its quality underneath cold storage up until 3 months. The documents submitted to the written record expressed ‘The outstanding characteristic of Banganapalle mangoes is that their skin has flash spots, stone is rectangular in form and has terribly skinny seed with distributed and soft fiber all over’.

The Government additionally expressed the first center of origin to be Kurnool District comprising Banaganapalle, Paanyam and Nandyal mandals and Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Rangareddy, Medak, Adilabad districts in Telangana as secondary centers of origin. per AN instrument equipped in 2011, ranee Kumudini, the then province Commissioner of farming, expressed that almost seven,68,250 families were concerned within the production of Banaganapalle mangoes. AN calculable twenty four.35 100000 metric tonnes of mangoes were adult once a year in province and concerning five,500 tonnes of Banganappalle mangoes were being exported annually to countries just like the U.S., U.K., Japan and also the Gulf nations.7

Gobindobhog Rice

The Government of West Bengal, was granted Geographical Indication (GI) Tag for vide registration No. 531. The rice could be a native, aromatic, non-basmati premium selection rice from West Bengal. The cultivation of it’s as previous as three hundred years within the space. it’s short white grains, sticky rice having a sweet buttery flavor and pleasant aroma. It derives its name from principal ingredient utilized in preparation of offerings to Govindajiu, the family spiritual being of Setts of urban center.

The application for the GI tag was filed by the government of West Bengal in August, 2015. The Gobindobhog Rice is that the specialty of Burdwan district of West Bengal. owing to this style of rice, the region is additionally referred to as the rice bowl of West Bengal. The rice is preponderantly cultivated in East Burdwan district – within the southern basin of the Damodar watercourse within the Raina one, Raina two and Khandaghosh blocks. it absolutely was cultivated in a neighborhood of thirty five hectares last year. Of this, twenty hectares were contact of Raina one and Raina two blocks. The special options of this style of rice is that it’s cultivated late, when the season, and thus it’s affected little by it and is a smaller amount liable to pests. the worth and productivity of the rice is high compared to alternative sorts of rice.

The government is celebrating the GI tag as they’re currently assured that completely different style of rice from a similar region can not be branded as ‘Gobindobhog Rice’. Also, the marketability of the Gobindobhog Rice within the domestic and international market would be reinforced, leading to higher profits for the state and additional significantly for the stakeholders generally.8

Khandhamal Haldi

Turmeric has been utilized in Asia for thousands of years and could be a major a part of writing, Unani and ancient Chinese drugs. On Gregorian calendar month eleven, 2018, Kandamal Apex Spices Association (KASAM) filed application for Kandhamal Haldi for GI registration vide application no. 610 with the GI written record, Chennai.

Kandhamal Haldi could be a member of the monocot genus biological science cluster, that could be a a part of the liliopsid family whose biological science name is Curcuma domestica. Kandhamal could be a district in Odisha that is centrally situated and whose geographic area is cragged and coated with forest. Annually concerning 14900 hot of turmeric is adult within the district with a production of concerning 34270 MT. Khandhamal stands second within the district wise coverage of turmeric in Asian nation next to Karimnagar district of province. KASAM in its application has expressed that turmeric is that the main crop of the poor social group Farmer of this district. additional Kandhamal turmeric is organically created while not use of any chemical plant food and chemical.9

Interface between Copyright and Design Rights in India

The inherent nature of property is such the overlap between the bundle of rights obtainable to Associate in Nursing owner during a single material is inescapable. Consequently, maintaining harmonious co-existence between these rights and setting a precedent that matches all is proving to be a troublesome task for social control bodies.

One such blurred line arises between copyright and styles law, notably in relevance inventive works. The law governing copyright and styles in Bharat but provides a reasonably clear and straightforward distinction between each forms of information science. A blank studying of the Copyright Act, 1957 (“Copyright Act”) would reveal that a copyright subsists is Associate in Nursingy original work that grants the author an privilege over such work. The styles Act, 2000 (“Designs Act”) defines a style as Associate in Nursing external feature that’s applied to a piece of writing and judged alone by the attention. Copyright protection in Bharat is granted from the instant an inventive work is made. However, protection beneath the styles Act is formed obtainable to Associate in Nursing owner only if the planning is granted registration. Therefore, copyright is usually spoken as Associate in Nursing inherent right, and a style is referred to as a statutory right.

The Copyright Act even addresses the problem of twin protection with styles expressly in Section fifteen. As per Section 15(1), Associate in Nursing owner of a style can predate protection beneath copyright law, once the planning has been granted registration. Section 15(2) states that a copyright in Associate in Nursing unregistered style shall stop, as shortly because the article to that the planning has been applied, has been reproduced quite fifty times by Associate in Nursing process.

This provision is usually used as a defense in infringement suits. for example, during a 2016 metropolis court judgment, the litigant was ready to with success prove that no copyright subsists during a drawing of a dress as a result of the drawing was applied to form quite fifty dresses. Further, providing the planning within the dress wasn’t registered by the complainant, the court denied the complainant from claiming style infringement furthermore. The complainant was thereby stripped far from claiming each copyright {and style|and style} protection in its original design of the dress.

Even though the on top of ruling looks simple in its application to the facts of the case, it’s unsettling that an inventive inventive work will be precluded from copyright protection by virtue of being represented in three-dimensional or two-dimensional type and being reproduced or distributed to the general public (which is roofed beneath the that means of copyright beneath Section 14(c) of the Copyright Act).

The court during this case created a relevance a well-liked 2009 judgment of the metropolis High Court, within which it absolutely was control that a copyright in an inventive inventive work, like a painting, would live though a style created from that painting is applied to a piece of writing quite fifty times, within which case solely the copyright within the applied style would stop to exist. This interpretation, however, is problematic, providing the Copyright Act doesn’t acknowledge a separate copyright within the ‘design’ that’s applied to a piece of writing.

Another 2017 metropolis court judgment reached the same conclusion. The complainant was denied from imposing a claim of copyright in its industrial drawings of automatic twisted locks on the premise of them being registrable beneath the styles Act. what is more, this judgment brought the extremely contentious issue of “intention of the creator” back to the forefront, whereby the artists’ intent at the time of creation of the inventive work is deciphered, so as to see the character of protection obtainable to the inventive work.

One of the consistent trends that appear to own arisen out of those judgments is that copyright during a material can exist till place to industrial use, at which period the topic matter are going to be lined beneath the orbit of the styles Act. Courts have, time and once more, propounded that the other interpretation would render the registration of a topic matter beneath the styles Act as unimportant, thereby enunciating the importance of maintaining exclusive protection beneath the styles Act break away the Copyright Act. However, formulating Associate in Nursing interpretation that ends up in erosion of the perpetual rights of copyright house owners subsisting in their original works isn’t an honest precedent to line for the property regime in Bharat, particularly from the purpose of read of foreign investors, UN agency won’t see Bharat as a viable marketplace for commercializing copyright table themes. the requirement of the hour is to roll out a comprehensive law addressing the above-noted problems, so the courts don’t seem to be burdened with the task of navigating through obscure and conflicting provisions existing within the statute.

PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS

Article twenty two of the journeys Agreements defines Geographical Indication as “indications that determine an honest as originating within the territory of a Member, or a {locality|a vicinity|a part|a section} or locality therein territory, wherever a given quality, name or different characteristic of the great is basically owing to its geographical origin”.

Consequently, upon Asian nation change of integrity as a member state of the journeys Agreement sui-geneis legislation for the protection of geographical indication was enacted in 1999. the item of the Geographical Indications of products (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, is 3 fold,

By specific law governing the geographical indication product|of products} within the country that might adequately shield the interest of producers of such goods,

To exclude unauthorized persons from misusing geographical indications and to shield customers from deception and To promote product bearing Indian Geographical Indication within the export market.

A registered Geographical Indications proscribe a 3rd party to use such Geographical indication by any means that within the designations or displays product|of products} that indicate that such goods originates in a very geographical region.

For example, Darjeeling Tea (Word) vide Geographical Indication Registration No. one or vide Geographical Indication Registration No. two area unit registered Geographical Indications. Hence, Tea Board, Registered businessman of Darjeeling Tea will proscribe any third party from mistreatment the term

“Darjeeling” for tea that doesn’t grow within their gardens or isn’t made in line with the standards started in the code of observe for the registered Geographical Indication.

The post Designs and Geographical Indications appeared first on Legal Desire Media and Insights.